Capital expenditure (CapEx) refers to the funds invested by a business or organization to acquire, upgrade, or improve physical assets, such as:

1. Property (land, buildings, etc.)
2. Plant and machinery (equipment, vehicles, etc.)
3. Technology (hardware, software, etc.)
4. Infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.)
5. Intellectual property (patents, copyrights, etc.)

Capital expenditures are typically made to:

1. Increase efficiency
2. Reduce costs
3. Enhance productivity
4. Expand operations
5. Improve quality

Examples of capital expenditures include:

1. Purchasing a new building
2. Upgrading manufacturing equipment
3. Implementing a new software system
4. Building a new factory
5. Acquiring a patent or license

Capital expenditures are usually non-recurring and have a long-term impact on the organization's financial performance and growth. They are typically depreciated or amortized over their useful life, rather than being expensed immediately.